/* mqudah.com — one stylesheet, logical properties so Arabic (RTL) and English (LTR) share it */
@font-face{font-family:"Cairo";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url("/assets/fonts/cairo-arabic-wght-normal.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0600-06FF,U+0750-077F,U+0870-088E,U+0890-0891,U+0897-08E1,U+08E3-08FF,U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC}
@font-face{font-family:"Cairo";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url("/assets/fonts/cairo-latin-wght-normal.woff2") format("woff2");unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}

:root{
  --pine:#0f3d33;        /* brand: headers, footer, primary buttons */
  --pine-deep:#0a2b24;
  --ink:#1b1f1d;         /* body text */
  --muted:#4d5a55;       /* secondary text, 7:1 on paper */
  --paper:#ffffff;
  --mist:#eef3f0;        /* quiet bands */
  --line:#cfd9d4;
  --saffron:#e0a100;     /* the money line; decoration and on-pine accents only */
  --saffron-ink:#7a5600; /* saffron-family text on paper, 6:1 */
  --error:#a1260d;
  --wrap:72rem;
  --measure:40rem;
  --step--1:.9375rem;
  --step-0:1.0625rem;
  --step-1:1.25rem;
  --step-2:1.5rem;
  --step-3:clamp(1.75rem,1.2rem + 2vw,2.5rem);
  --step-4:clamp(2.25rem,1.3rem + 4vw,4rem);
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:5rem}
body{margin:0;font-family:"Cairo",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:var(--step-0);line-height:1.8;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper)}
html[lang="en"] body{line-height:1.65}
img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
a{color:var(--pine);text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration-thickness:.08em}
a:hover{color:var(--pine-deep);text-decoration-thickness:.14em}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--saffron);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.25;margin:0;font-weight:800;color:var(--pine-deep);text-wrap:balance}
html[lang="en"] h1,html[lang="en"] h2,html[lang="en"] h3{line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.015em}
h1{font-size:var(--step-4)}
h2{font-size:var(--step-3)}
h3{font-size:var(--step-1);font-weight:700}
p,ul,ol{margin:0}
p+p{margin-block-start:1em}
.wrap{max-width:var(--wrap);margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:1.25rem}
@media(min-width:48rem){.wrap{padding-inline:2.5rem}}
.measure{max-width:var(--measure)}
.muted{color:var(--muted)}
.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}
.skip{position:absolute;inset-inline-start:1rem;top:-4rem;background:var(--pine);color:#fff;padding:.5rem 1rem;z-index:20}
.skip:focus{top:1rem;color:#fff}

/* header */
.site-header{border-block-end:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}
.site-header .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;min-height:4.25rem}
.brand{font-weight:800;color:var(--pine-deep);text-decoration:none;font-size:1.125rem;white-space:nowrap}
.nav{display:none}
.nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;display:flex;gap:1.5rem;align-items:center}
.nav a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;font-size:var(--step--1);padding-block:.5rem}
.nav a:hover,.nav a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--pine);box-shadow:0 2px 0 var(--saffron)}
.header-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem}
.lang{font-weight:700;font-size:var(--step--1);text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:.35rem .75rem;border-radius:4px;color:var(--pine-deep)}
.lang:hover{border-color:var(--pine)}
.menu-btn{font:inherit;font-weight:700;font-size:var(--step--1);background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;padding:.35rem .75rem;color:var(--pine-deep);cursor:pointer}
@media(min-width:62rem){.nav{display:block}.menu-btn{display:none}}
.nav.open{display:block;position:absolute;inset-inline:0;top:100%;background:var(--paper);border-block-end:1px solid var(--line);padding:1rem 1.25rem}
.nav.open ul{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:.25rem}
.nav.open a{display:block;font-size:var(--step-0);padding-block:.6rem}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-block;font:inherit;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;padding:.8rem 1.5rem;border-radius:4px;border:2px solid var(--pine);background:var(--pine);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;text-align:center}
.btn:hover{background:var(--pine-deep);border-color:var(--pine-deep);color:#fff}
.btn.quiet{background:transparent;color:var(--pine-deep)}
.btn.quiet:hover{background:var(--mist);color:var(--pine-deep)}
.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.75rem;margin-block-start:2rem}

/* sections */
main>section{padding-block:clamp(3rem,2rem + 5vw,6rem)}
main>section.band{background:var(--mist)}
main>section.dark{background:var(--pine);color:#e9f1ed}
main>section.dark h2,main>section.dark h3{color:#fff}
main>section.dark a:not(.btn){color:#fff}
main>section.dark .btn{background:var(--saffron);border-color:var(--saffron);color:var(--pine-deep)}
main>section.dark .btn:hover{background:#f0b417;border-color:#f0b417;color:var(--pine-deep)}
main>section.dark .btn.quiet{background:transparent;border-color:#fff;color:#fff}
main>section.dark .btn.quiet:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:#fff}
.section-head{margin-block-end:2.5rem;max-width:var(--measure)}
.section-head p{margin-block-start:1rem;font-size:var(--step-1);color:var(--muted)}
main>section.dark .section-head p{color:#cfe0d9}

/* hero */
.hero{padding-block:clamp(2.5rem,1.5rem + 5vw,5.5rem) !important}
.hero-grid{display:grid;gap:2.5rem;align-items:center}
@media(min-width:56rem){.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.5fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:4rem}}
.hero .lead{font-size:var(--step-2);line-height:1.6;margin-block-start:1.5rem;max-width:34rem;color:var(--ink)}
html[lang="en"] .hero .lead{line-height:1.45}
.portrait{position:relative;max-width:22rem;margin-inline:auto}
.portrait::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:1.25rem -1.25rem -1.25rem 1.25rem;background:var(--pine)}
html[dir="rtl"] .portrait::before{inset:1.25rem 1.25rem -1.25rem -1.25rem}
.portrait img{position:relative;width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;object-fit:cover}
.page-hero h1{font-size:var(--step-3)}
@media(min-width:48rem){.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.25rem,1.5rem + 2.5vw,3.25rem)}}
.page-hero .lead{font-size:var(--step-1);margin-block-start:1.25rem;max-width:var(--measure)}
.crumbs{font-size:var(--step--1);margin-block-end:1.5rem}
.crumbs ol{list-style:none;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem}
.crumbs li+li::before{content:"/";margin-inline-end:.5rem;color:var(--muted)}
.crumbs a{color:var(--muted)}

/* the money line: the path from ad to revenue */
.path{list-style:none;padding:0;margin-block-start:3.5rem;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));position:relative;counter-reset:none}
.path::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset-inline:10%;top:.5rem;height:2px;background:var(--saffron)}
.path li{text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--pine-deep);position:relative;padding-block-start:1.75rem}
.path li::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;inset-inline-start:50%;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;margin-inline-start:-.5625rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--paper);border:3px solid var(--saffron)}
.path li:last-child::before{background:var(--pine);border-color:var(--pine)}
@media(min-width:40rem){.path li{font-size:var(--step-0)}}

/* ledger: a figure with the sentence that makes it true */
.ledger{list-style:none;padding:0;border-block-start:2px solid var(--pine)}
.ledger li{display:grid;gap:.25rem 2rem;padding-block:1.5rem;border-block-end:1px solid var(--line)}
@media(min-width:48rem){.ledger li{grid-template-columns:14rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:baseline}}
.ledger .figure{font-size:var(--step-3);font-weight:800;color:var(--pine);line-height:1.2;unicode-bidi:plaintext;text-align:start}
html[dir="rtl"] .ledger .figure{text-align:right}
.ledger p{max-width:var(--measure)}
main>section.dark .ledger{border-block-start-color:var(--saffron)}
main>section.dark .ledger li{border-block-end-color:rgba(255,255,255,.2)}
main>section.dark .ledger .figure{color:var(--saffron)}

/* ruled rows: services, case studies, articles */
.rows{list-style:none;padding:0;border-block-start:2px solid var(--pine)}
.rows>li{padding-block:1.75rem;border-block-end:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;gap:.5rem 2rem}
@media(min-width:48rem){.rows>li{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.6fr)}}
.rows .row-title{font-size:var(--step-1);font-weight:700}
.rows .row-title a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--pine-deep)}
.rows .row-title a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.rows .more{display:inline-block;margin-block-start:.75rem;font-weight:700}
.rows .meta{display:block;font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;margin-block-start:.35rem}

/* steps */
.steps{padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:step;display:grid;gap:2rem}
@media(min-width:48rem){.steps{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:2.5rem 3rem}}
.steps li{counter-increment:step;padding-inline-start:3.25rem;position:relative}
.steps li::before{content:counter(step);position:absolute;inset-inline-start:0;top:0;width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--saffron);display:grid;place-items:center;font-weight:800;color:var(--pine-deep);line-height:1}
.steps p{margin-block-start:.35rem}

/* timeline */
.timeline{list-style:none;padding:0;border-inline-start:2px solid var(--line);margin-inline-start:.5rem}
.timeline li{position:relative;padding-inline-start:1.75rem;padding-block-end:2rem}
.timeline li::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset-inline-start:-.5rem;top:.55rem;width:.875rem;height:.875rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--paper);border:3px solid var(--pine)}
.timeline .when{display:block;font-size:var(--step--1);font-weight:700;color:var(--saffron-ink)}
.timeline .org{display:block;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)}
.timeline p{margin-block-start:.5rem;max-width:var(--measure)}

/* prose */
.prose{max-width:var(--measure)}
.prose h2{font-size:var(--step-2);margin-block:2.5rem 1rem}
.prose h2:first-child{margin-block-start:0}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-inline-start:1.5rem;margin-block:1em}
.prose li{margin-block:.4em}
.prose li::marker{color:var(--saffron-ink);font-weight:700}
.prose strong{color:var(--pine-deep)}
.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;margin-block:1.5rem}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:var(--step--1)}
th,td{text-align:start;padding:.75rem 1rem;border-block-end:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
thead th{border-block-end:2px solid var(--pine);color:var(--pine-deep)}
.summary{font-size:var(--step-1);border-inline-start:4px solid var(--saffron);padding-inline-start:1.25rem;margin-block-end:2.5rem;max-width:var(--measure)}
.byline{font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--muted);margin-block-start:1.25rem}
.sources{margin-block-start:3rem;padding-block-start:1.5rem;border-block-start:1px solid var(--line);font-size:var(--step--1);max-width:var(--measure)}
.sources h2{font-size:var(--step-0);margin-block-end:.75rem}
.sources ol{padding-inline-start:1.25rem}
.sources a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}

/* q and a */
.qa{max-width:var(--measure)}
.qa h3{margin-block-start:2rem}
.qa h3:first-child{margin-block-start:0}
.qa p{margin-block-start:.5rem}

/* form */
.form{display:grid;gap:1.25rem;max-width:36rem}
.field label,.field legend{display:block;font-weight:700;margin-block-end:.35rem;padding:0}
.field .hint{display:block;font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--muted);font-weight:400}
.field input[type="text"],.field textarea,.field select{font:inherit;width:100%;padding:.7rem .85rem;border:1.5px solid #8a9993;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;color:var(--ink)}
.field textarea{min-height:9rem;resize:vertical}
.field input:focus-visible,.field textarea:focus-visible,.field select:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--saffron);outline-offset:1px;border-color:var(--pine)}
fieldset.field{border:0;padding:0;margin:0}
.choices{display:grid;gap:.5rem}
.choices label{font-weight:600;display:flex;gap:.6rem;align-items:center;margin:0}
.choices input{width:1.15rem;height:1.15rem;accent-color:var(--pine)}
.trap{position:absolute;inset-inline-start:-200vw}
.form-status{font-weight:700;padding:1rem 1.25rem;border-radius:4px;max-width:36rem}
.form-status[hidden]{display:none}
.form-status.ok{background:var(--mist);border-inline-start:4px solid var(--pine);color:var(--pine-deep)}
.form-status.bad{background:#fbeeea;border-inline-start:4px solid var(--error);color:var(--error)}
.direct{list-style:none;padding:0;display:grid;gap:1rem}
.direct li{border-block-start:1px solid var(--line);padding-block-start:1rem}
.direct .k{display:block;font-size:var(--step--1);color:var(--muted);font-weight:600}
.direct a{font-weight:700;font-size:var(--step-1)}
.ltr{direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:isolate;display:inline-block}
.split{display:grid;gap:3rem}
@media(min-width:56rem){.split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.4fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:5rem}}

/* footer */
.site-footer{background:var(--pine-deep);color:#cfe0d9;padding-block:3rem;font-size:var(--step--1)}
.site-footer a{color:#fff}
.site-footer .cols{display:grid;gap:2rem}
@media(min-width:48rem){.site-footer .cols{grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr}}
.site-footer h2{font-size:var(--step-0);color:#fff;margin-block-end:.75rem}
.site-footer ul{list-style:none;padding:0;display:grid;gap:.4rem}
.site-footer .legal{margin-block-start:2.5rem;padding-block-start:1.25rem;border-block-start:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.5rem;justify-content:space-between}

@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.btn,.nav a,.lang{transition:background-color .15s,color .15s,border-color .15s}}
@media print{.site-header,.site-footer,.actions,.form{display:none}body{font-size:11pt}}

.after{margin-block-start:1.5rem}
.side-h{font-size:var(--step-2);margin-block-end:1.5rem}
.nf-lead{font-size:var(--step-1);margin-block-start:1rem}
.nf-en{margin-block-start:4rem}

[hidden]{display:none !important}

.page-hero.hero{padding-block:clamp(2rem,1.5rem + 3vw,3.5rem) clamp(1.5rem,1rem + 2vw,2.5rem) !important}
.page-hero+section{padding-block-start:clamp(1.5rem,1rem + 2vw,3rem)}
.portrait.small{max-width:16rem}